The word, ‘Dhatanga’ cannot be translated as one word equivalent to it in English so we can translate it in a compound noun. We can say “An austere practice or ascetic practice”. Actually, the work of translation from one language to another is not an easy task to find an exactly equivalent so we sometimes have to make a compound noun for translation to another language.
Here, this word, ‘Dhutanga’ is really an important word particularly for Buddhist monks who are so much respectful to the training of moral quality. Therefore, we must be very careful to translate this word ‘Dhutanga’ not to miss its original meaning. I believe that one must be learned in both languages: mother one and another one for those who have to take the work of translation.
There are 13 numbers in Dhutanga practice as follow:-
(1). Wearing patched-up robes (Pansukūlika)
(2). Wearing only three robes (Tecīvarika)
(3). Going for alms (Pindapātika)
(4). Not missing any house while going for alms (Sapadānika)
(5). Eating at one sitting (Ekāsanika)
(6). Eating only from alms-bowl (Pattapindika)
(7). Refusing all extra food (Khalupacchābattika)
(8). Living in the forest (Araññika)
(9). Living under a tree (Rukkhamūlika)
(10). Living in open space (Abbhokāsika)
(11). Living in a cemetery (Sosānika)
(12). Being satisfied with whatever dwelling as a turn (Yathasantatika)
(13). Sleeping in sitting position or never lying down (Nesajjika).
These 13 numbers are very well-known as ‘Dhutanga’ meaning ascetic practice or austere practice in the Theravada Sangha. These can shake off your defilements when you observe them by undertaking in vow. This practice can perfectly support your meditation, concentration and morality that will lead you to the purification of the mind as quickly as possible but it is not easy for everyone. Some of Theravada Buddhist monks take this practice to reinforce their meditation. I do some of them too not to be busy with unnecessary things when I practice meditation.